Status- Table of contents Participants Declarations Notes Chapter XXVI Previous treaty Next treaty  

3. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction

Geneva, 3 September 1992

 

Entry into force: 29 April 1997, in accordance with article XXI (1).
Registration: 29 April 1997, No. 33757.
Status: Signatories: 165 ,Parties: 160.
Text: United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1974, p. 45; and depositary notifications C.N.246.1994.TREATIES-5 of 31 August 1994 (procès-verbal of rectification of the original of the Convention: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts); C.N.359.1994.TREATIES-8 of 27 January 1995 (procès-verbal of rectification of the original of the Convention: Spanish text); C.N.454.1995.TREATIES-12 of 2 February 1996 (procès-verbal of rectification of the original of the Convention: Arabic and Russian texts); C.N.916.1999.TREATIES-7 of 8 October 1999 [acceptance of amendment for a change to Section B of Part VI of the Annex on Implementation and Verification ("Verification Annex"), effective 31 October 1999]; and C.N.157.2000.TREATIES-1 of 13 March 2000 [acceptance of corrections to amendments, effective 9 March 2000]. 

Note: At its 635th plenary meeting on 3 September 1992 held in Geneva, the Conference on Disarmament adopted the "Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Chemical Weapons to the Conference on Disarmament", including the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, contained in the Appendix to the Report. At its 47th session held in New York, the General Assembly, by resolution A/RES/47/391 adopted on 30 November 1992, commended the Convention. In the same resolution, the General Assembly also welcomed the invitation of the President of the French Republic to participate in a ceremony to sign the Convention in Paris on 13 January 1993 and requested the Secretary-General, as Depositary of the Convention, to open it for signature in Paris on that date. The Convention was opened for signature in Paris, from 13 January to 15 January 1993. Thereafter, it remained open for signature at the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York, until its entry into force, in accordance with article XVIII.

 

 

PARTICIPANTS

Participant  Signature  Ratification, Accession (a), Acceptance (A) 
Afghanistan  14 Jan 1993  24 Sep 2003 
Albania  14 Jan 1993  11 May 1994 
Algeria  13 Jan 1993  14 Aug 1995 
Andorra    27 Feb 2003 a 
Argentina  13 Jan 1993  2 Oct 1995 
Armenia  19 Mar 1993  27 Jan 1995 
Australia  13 Jan 1993  6 May 1994 
Austria  13 Jan 1993  17 Aug 1995 
Azerbaijan  13 Jan 1993  29 Feb 2000 
Bahamas  2 Mar 1994   
Bahrain  24 Feb 1993  28 Apr 1997 
Bangladesh  14 Jan 1993  25 Apr 1997 
Belarus  14 Jan 1993  11 Jul 1996 
Belgium  13 Jan 1993  27 Jan 1997 
Belize    1 Dec 2003 a 
Benin  14 Jan 1993  14 May 1998 
Bhutan  24 Apr 1997   
Bolivia  14 Jan 1993  14 Aug 1998 
Bosnia and Herzegovina  16 Jan 1997  25 Feb 1997 
Botswana    31 Aug 1998 a 
Brazil  13 Jan 1993  13 Mar 1996 
Brunei Darussalam  13 Jan 1993  28 Jul 1997 
Bulgaria  13 Jan 1993  10 Aug 1994 
Burkina Faso  14 Jan 1993  8 Jul 1997 
Burundi  15 Jan 1993  4 Sep 1998 
Cambodia  15 Jan 1993   
Cameroon  14 Jan 1993  16 Sep 1996 
Canada  13 Jan 1993  26 Sep 1995 
Cape Verde  15 Jan 1993  10 Oct 2003 
Central African Republic  14 Jan 1993   
Chad  11 Oct 1994   
Chile  14 Jan 1993  12 Jul 1996 
China  13 Jan 1993  25 Apr 1997 
Colombia  13 Jan 1993  5 Apr 2000 
Comoros  13 Jan 1993   
Congo  15 Jan 1993   
Cook Islands  14 Jan 1993  15 Jul 1994 
Costa Rica  14 Jan 1993  31 May 1996 
Côte d'Ivoire  13 Jan 1993  18 Dec 1995 
Croatia  13 Jan 1993  23 May 1995 
Cuba  13 Jan 1993  29 Apr 1997 
Cyprus  13 Jan 1993  28 Aug 1998 
Czech Republic  14 Jan 1993  6 Mar 1996 
Democratic Republic of the Congo  14 Jan 1993   
Denmark  14 Jan 1993  13 Jul 1995 
Djibouti  28 Sep 1993   
Dominica  2 Aug 1993  12 Feb 2001 
Dominican Republic  13 Jan 1993   
Ecuador  14 Jan 1993  6 Sep 1995 
El Salvador  14 Jan 1993  30 Oct 1995 
Equatorial Guinea  14 Jan 1993  25 Apr 1997 
Eritrea    14 Feb 2000 a 
Estonia  14 Jan 1993  26 May 1999 
Ethiopia  14 Jan 1993  13 May 1996 
Fiji  14 Jan 1993  20 Jan 1993 
Finland  14 Jan 1993  7 Feb 1995 
France  13 Jan 1993  2 Mar 1995 
Gabon  13 Jan 1993  8 Sep 2000 
Gambia  13 Jan 1993  19 May 1998 
Georgia  14 Jan 1993  27 Nov 1995 
Germany  13 Jan 1993  12 Aug 1994 
Ghana  14 Jan 1993  9 Jul 1997 
Greece  13 Jan 1993  22 Dec 1994 
Grenada  9 Apr 1997   
Guatemala  14 Jan 1993  12 Feb 2003 
Guinea  14 Jan 1993  9 Jun 1997 
Guinea-Bissau  14 Jan 1993   
Guyana  6 Oct 1993  12 Sep 1997 
Haiti  14 Jan 1993   
Holy See  14 Jan 1993  12 May 1999 
Honduras  13 Jan 1993   
Hungary  13 Jan 1993  31 Oct 1996 
Iceland  13 Jan 1993  28 Apr 1997 
India  14 Jan 1993  3 Sep 1996 
Indonesia  13 Jan 1993  12 Nov 1998 
Iran (Islamic Republic of)  13 Jan 1993  3 Nov 1997 
Ireland  14 Jan 1993  24 Jun 1996 
Israel  13 Jan 1993   
Italy  13 Jan 1993  8 Dec 1995 
Jamaica  18 Apr 1997  8 Sep 2000 
Japan  13 Jan 1993  15 Sep 1995 
Jordan    29 Oct 1997 a 
Kazakhstan  14 Jan 1993  23 Mar 2000 
Kenya  15 Jan 1993  25 Apr 1997 
Kiribati    7 Sep 2000 a 
Kuwait  27 Jan 1993  29 May 1997 
Kyrgyzstan  22 Feb 1993  29 Sep 2003 
Lao People's Democratic Republic  13 May 1993  25 Feb 1997 
Latvia  6 May 1993  23 Jul 1996 
Lesotho  7 Dec 1994  7 Dec 1994 
Liberia  15 Jan 1993   
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya    6 Jan 2004 a 
Liechtenstein  21 Jul 1993  24 Nov 1999 
Lithuania  13 Jan 1993  15 Apr 1998 
Luxembourg  13 Jan 1993  15 Apr 1997 
Madagascar  15 Jan 1993   
Malawi  14 Jan 1993  11 Jun 1998 
Malaysia  13 Jan 1993  20 Apr 2000 
Maldives  4 Oct 1993  31 May 1994 
Mali  13 Jan 1993  28 Apr 1997 
Malta  13 Jan 1993  28 Apr 1997 
Marshall Islands  13 Jan 1993   
Mauritania  13 Jan 1993  9 Feb 1998 
Mauritius  14 Jan 1993  9 Feb 1993 
Mexico  13 Jan 1993  29 Aug 1994 
Micronesia (Federated States of)  13 Jan 1993  21 Jun 1999 
Monaco  13 Jan 1993  1 Jun 1995 
Mongolia  14 Jan 1993  17 Jan 1995 
Morocco  13 Jan 1993  28 Dec 1995 
Mozambique    15 Aug 2000 a 
Myanmar  14 Jan 1993   
Namibia  13 Jan 1993  24 Nov 1995 
Nauru  13 Jan 1993  12 Nov 2001 
Nepal  19 Jan 1993  18 Nov 1997 
Netherlands2  14 Jan 1993  30 Jun 1995 
New Zealand  14 Jan 1993  15 Jul 1996 
Nicaragua  9 Mar 1993  5 Nov 1999 
Niger  14 Jan 1993  9 Apr 1997 
Nigeria  13 Jan 1993  20 May 1999 
Norway  13 Jan 1993  7 Apr 1994 
Oman  2 Feb 1993  8 Feb 1995 
Pakistan  13 Jan 1993  28 Oct 1997 
Palau    3 Feb 2003 a 
Panama  16 Jun 1993  7 Oct 1998 
Papua New Guinea  14 Jan 1993  17 Apr 1996 
Paraguay  14 Jan 1993  1 Dec 1994 
Peru  14 Jan 1993  20 Jul 1995 
Philippines  13 Jan 1993  11 Dec 1996 
Poland  13 Jan 1993  23 Aug 1995 
Portugal  13 Jan 1993  10 Sep 1996 
Qatar  1 Feb 1993  3 Sep 1997 
Republic of Korea  14 Jan 1993  28 Apr 1997 
Republic of Moldova  13 Jan 1993  8 Jul 1996 
Romania  13 Jan 1993  15 Feb 1995 
Russian Federation  13 Jan 1993  5 Nov 1997 
Rwanda  17 May 1993   
Saint Kitts and Nevis  16 Mar 1994   
Saint Lucia  29 Mar 1993  9 Apr 1997 
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  20 Sep 1993  18 Sep 2002 
Samoa  14 Jan 1993  27 Sep 2002 
San Marino  13 Jan 1993  10 Dec 1999 
Sao Tome and Principe    9 Sep 2003 A 
Saudi Arabia  20 Jan 1993  9 Aug 1996 
Senegal  13 Jan 1993  20 Jul 1998 
Serbia and Montenegro3    20 Apr 2000 a 
Seychelles  15 Jan 1993  7 Apr 1993 
Sierra Leone  15 Jan 1993   
Singapore  14 Jan 1993  21 May 1997 
Slovakia  14 Jan 1993  27 Oct 1995 
Slovenia  14 Jan 1993  11 Jun 1997 
South Africa  14 Jan 1993  13 Sep 1995 
Spain  13 Jan 1993  3 Aug 1994 
Sri Lanka  14 Jan 1993  19 Aug 1994 
Sudan    24 May 1999 a 
Suriname  28 Apr 1997  28 Apr 1997 
Swaziland  23 Sep 1993  20 Nov 1996 
Sweden  13 Jan 1993  17 Jun 1993 
Switzerland  14 Jan 1993  10 Mar 1995 
Tajikistan  14 Jan 1993  11 Jan 1995 
Thailand  14 Jan 1993  10 Dec 2002 
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia    20 Jun 1997 a 
Timor-Leste    7 May 2003 a 
Togo  13 Jan 1993  23 Apr 1997 
Tonga    29 May 2003 a 
Trinidad and Tobago    24 Jun 1997 a 
Tunisia  13 Jan 1993  15 Apr 1997 
Turkey  14 Jan 1993  12 May 1997 
Turkmenistan  12 Oct 1993  29 Sep 1994 
Tuvalu    19 Jan 2004 a 
Uganda  14 Jan 1993  30 Nov 2001 
Ukraine  13 Jan 1993  16 Oct 1998 
United Arab Emirates  2 Feb 1993  28 Nov 2000 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland  13 Jan 1993  13 May 1996 
United Republic of Tanzania  25 Feb 1994  25 Jun 1998 
United States of America  13 Jan 1993  25 Apr 1997 
Uruguay  15 Jan 1993  6 Oct 1994 
Uzbekistan  24 Nov 1995  23 Jul 1996 
Venezuela  14 Jan 1993  3 Dec 1997 
Viet Nam  13 Jan 1993  30 Sep 1998 
Yemen  8 Feb 1993  2 Oct 2000 
Zambia  13 Jan 1993  9 Feb 2001 
Zimbabwe  13 Jan 1993  25 Apr 1997 
 

 

DECLARATIONS

Declarations and Reservations

(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations

were made upon ratification or accession.)

Austria

Declaration:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

Belgium

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

As a Member State of the European Community, the Government of Belgium will implement the provisions of the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, in accordance with its obligations arising from the rules of the Treaties establishing the European Communities to the extent that such rules are applicable.

China

Upon signature:

Declarations:

" I. China has consistently stood for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of all chemical weapons and their production facilities. The Convention constitutes the legal basis for the realization of this goal. China therefore supports the object and purpose and principles of the Convention.

II. The object and purpose and principles of the Convention should be strictly abided by. The relevant provisions on challenge inspection should not be abused to the detriment of the security interests of States Parties unrelated to chemical weapons. Otherwise, the universality of the Convention is bound to be adversely affected.

III. States Parties that have abandoned chemical weapons on the territories of other States parties should implement in earnest the relevant provisions of the Convention and undertake the obligation to destroy the abandoned chemical weapons.

IV. The Convention should effectively facilitate trade, scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation in the field of chemistry for peaceful purposes. All export controls inconsistent with the Convention should be abolished."

Upon ratification:

Declarations:

1. China has always stood for complete prohibition and thorough destruction of chemical weapons. As CWC has laid an international legal foundation for the realization of this goal, China supports the purpose, objectives and principles of the CWC.

2. China calls upon the countries with the largest chemical weapons arsenals to ratify CWC without delay with a view to attaining its purposes and objectives at an early date.

3. The purposes, objectives and principles of CWC should be strictly observed. The provisions concerning challenge inspection shall not be abused and the national security interests of States parties not related to chemical weapons shall not be compromised. China is firmly opposed to any act of abusing the verification provisions which endangers its sovereignty and security.

4. Any country which has abandoned chemical weapons on the territory of another country should effectively implement the relevant CWC provisions, undertake the obligations to destroy those chemical weapons and ensure the earliest complete destruction of all the chemical weapons it has abandoned on another state's territory.

5. CWC should play a sound role in promoting international trade, scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation for peaceful purposes in the field of chemical industry. It should become the effective legal basis for regulating trade and exchange among the states parties in the field of chemical industry.

Cuba

Declarations:

The Government of the Republic of Cuba declares, in conformity with article III (a) (iii) of the Convention, that there is a colonial enclave in its territory - the Guantanamo Naval Base - a part of Cuban national territory over which the Cuban State does not exercise its rightful jurisdiction, owing to its illegal occupation by the United States of America by reason of a deceitful and fraudulent Treaty.

Consequently, for the purposes of the Convention, the Government of the Republic of Cuba does not assume any responsibility with respect to the aforesaid territory, since it does not know whether or not the United States has installed, possesses, maintains or intends to possess chemical weapons in the part of Cuban territory that it illegally occupies.

The Government of the Republic of Cuba also considers that it has the right to require that the entry of any inspection group mandated by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, to carry out in the territory of Guantanamo Naval Base the verification activities provided for in the Convention, should be effected through a point of entry in Cuban national territory to be determined by the Cuban Government.

The Government of the Republic of Cuba considers that, under the provisions of article XI of the Convention, the unilateral application by a State party to the Convention against another State party of any restriction which would restrict or impede trade and the development and promotion of scientific and technological knowledge in the field of chemistry for industrial, agricultural, research, medical, pharmaceutical or other purposes not prohibited under the Convention, would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention.

The Government of Cuba designates the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, in its capacity as the national authority of the Republic of Cuba for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, as the body of the central administration of the State responsible for organizing, directing, monitoring and supervising the activities aimed at preparing the Republic of Cuba to fulfil the obligations it is assuming as a State party to the aforementioned Convention.

Denmark

Upon signature:

Declaration:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

France

Upon signature:

Declaration:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

Germany

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the

one made by Belgium.]

Greece

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

Holy See

Declaration:

[...] the Holy See, in conformity with the nature and particular condition of Vatican City State, intends to renew its encouragement to the International Community to continue on the path towards a situation of general and complete disarmament, capable of promoting peace and cooperation at world level.

Dialogue and multilateral negotiation are essential values in this process. Through the instruments of international law, they facilitate the peaceful resolution of controversies and help better mutual understanding. In this way they promote the effective affirmation of the culture of life and peace.

While not possessing chemical weapons of any kind, the Holy See accedes to the solemn act of ratification of the Convention in order to lend its moral support to this important area of international relations which seeks to ban weapons which are particularly cruel and inhuman and aimed at producing long-term traumatic effects among the defenceless civilian population."

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Declarations:

"The Islamic Republic of Iran, on the basis of the Islamic principles and beliefs, considers chemical weapons inhuman, and has consistently been on the vanguard of the international efforts to abolish these weapons and prevent their use.

1. The Islamic Consultative Assembly (the Parliament) of the Islamic Republic of Iran approved the bill presented by the Government to join the [said Convention] on 27 July 1997, and the Guardian Council found the legislation compatible with the Constitution and the Islamic Tenets on 30 July 1997, in accordance with its required Constitutional process. The Islamic Consultative Assembly decided that:

The Government is hereby authorized, at an appropriate time, to accede to the [said Convention] - as annexed to this legislation and to deposit its relevant instrument.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs must pursue in all negotiations and within the framework of the Organization of the Convention, the full and indiscriminate implementation of the Convention, particularly in the areas of inspection and transfer of technology and chemicals for peaceful purposes. In case the afore-mentioned requirements are not materialized, upon the recommendation of the Cabinet and approval of the Supreme National Security Council, steps aimed at withdrawing from the Convention will be put in motion.

2. The Islamic Republic of Iran attaches vital significance to the full, unconditional and indiscriminate implementation of all provisions of the Convention. It reserves the right to withdraw from the Convention under the following circumstances:

-- non-compliance with the principle of equal treatment of all States Parties in implementation of all relevant provisions of the Convention;

-- disclosure of its confidential information contrary to the provisions of the Convention;

-- imposition of restrictions incompatible with the obligations under the Convention.

3. As stipulated in article XI, exclusive and non-transparent regimes impeding free international trade in chemicals and chemical technology for peaceful purposes should be disbanded. The Islamic Republic of Iran rejects any chemical export control mechanism not envisaged in the Convention.

4. The Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is the sole international authority to determine the compliance of States Parties regarding chemical weapons. Accusations by States Parties against other States Parties in the absence of a determination of non-compliance by OPCW will seriously undermine the Convention and its repetition may make the Convention meaningless.

5. One of the objectives of the Convention as stipulated in its preamble is to `promote free trade in chemicals as well as international cooperation and exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical activities for purposes not prohibited under the Convention in order to enhance the economic and technological development of all States Parties.' This fundamental objective of the Convention should be respected and embraced by all States Parties to the Convention. Any form of undermining, either in words or in action, of this overriding objective is considered by the Islamic Republic of Iran a grave breach of the provisions of the Convention.

6. In line with the provisions of the Convention regarding non-discriminatory treatment of States Parties:

- inspection equipment should be commercially available to all States Parties without condition or limitation.

- the OPCW should maintain its international character by ensuring fair and balanced geographical distribution of the personnel of its Technical Secretariat, provision of assistance to and cooperation with States Parties, and equitable membership of States Parties in subsidiary organs of the Organization,

7. The implementation of the Convention should contribute to international peace and security and should not in any way diminish or harm national security or territorial integrity of the States Parties."

Ireland

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

Italy

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

Luxembourg

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

Netherlands

Upon signature:

Declaration:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

Pakistan

Declaration:

"1. Pakistan has consistently stood for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of all chemical weapons and their production facilities. The Convention constitutes an international legal framework for the realization of this goal. Pakistan, therefore, supports the objectives and purposes of the Convention.

2. The objectives and purposes of the Convention must be strictly adhered to by all states. The relevant provisions on Challenge Inspections must not be abused to the detriment of the economic and security interests of the States Parties unrelated to chemical weapons. Otherwise, the universality and effectiveness of the Convention is bound to be jeopardized.

3. Abuse of the verification provisions of the Convention, for purposes unrelated to the Convention, will not be acceptable. Pakistan will never allow its sovereignty and national security to be compromised.

4. The Convention should effectively facilitate trade, scientific and technological exchanges and co-operation in the field of chemistry for peaceful purposes. All export control regimes inconsistent with the Convention must be abolished."

Portugal

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

Spain

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

Sudan

Declaration of understanding:

Firstly, the unilateral application by a State Party to the Convention, runs counter to the objectives and purposes of the Convention.

Secondly, the Convention must be fully and indiscriminately implemented particularly in the areas of inspection and transfer of technology for peaceful purposes.

Thirdly, no restrictions incompatible with the obligations under the Convention shall be imposed. Fourthly, the Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), is the sole international authority to determine the compliance of States Parties with the provisions of the Convention."

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Upon signature:

Declaration:

[Same declaration, mutatis mutandis, as the one made by Belgium.]

United States of America

"Subject to the condition which relates to the Annex on Implementation and Verification, that no sample collected in the United States pursuant to the Convention will be transferred for analysis to any laboratory outside the territory of the United States."

 

 

NOTES

1. Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-seventh session, Supplement No. 49 (A/47/49), p. 54.

2. For the Kingdom in Europe. On 28 April 1997: For the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.

3. See note 1 under "former Yugoslavia" and note 1 under "Yugoslavia" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.