Multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General- TREATY I-XXVII--12.asp

2.a. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Montreal, 16 September 1987


Entry into force:	1 January 1989, in accordance with article 16 (1).
Registration:	1 January 1989, No. 26369.
Status:	Signatories: 46 ,Parties: 191.
Text:	United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1522, p. 3; and depositary notifications C.N.285.1988.TREATIES-15 of 20 January 1989 (procès-verbal of rectification of the original Spanish text); C.N.181.1989.TREATIES-9 of 28 August 1989 (modification of Annex A); C.N.225.1990.TREATIES-7 of 7 September 1990 (adoption of adjustments); C.N.246.1990.TREATIES-9 of 14 November 1990 (amendment); C.N.133.1991.TREATIES-3/2 of 27 August 1991 (rectification of the Spanish text of the adjustments and amendment); C.N.227.1991.TREATIES-7 of 27 November 1991 (adoption of Annex D.)¹; C.N.428.1992.TREATIES-12 of 22 March 1993 (adoption of adjustments and amendment of 1993); C.N.200.1993.TREATIES-2 of 17 September 1992 (procès-verbal of rectification of the original English text of the 1992 amendment);C.N.484.1995.TREATIES-5 of 5 February 1996 (adoption of adjustments); C.N.468.1997.TREATIES-4/1 of 5 December 1997 (adoption of adjustments); and C.N.1230.1999.TREATIES-7 of 28 January 2000 (adoption of adjustments).

Note: The Protocol was adopted by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Protocol on Chlorofluorocarbons to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, held in Montreal from14 to 16 September 1987. Open for signature in Montreal on 16 September 1987, in Ottawa from17 September 1987 to 16 January 1988 and at United Nations Headquarters, New York, from 17 January 1988 to 15 September 1988, in accordance with article 15.

PARTICIPANTS


Participant	Signature	Ratification, Acceptance (A), Approval (AA), Accession (a), Succession (d)
Afghanistan		17 Jun 2004 a
Albania		8 Oct 1999 a
Algeria		20 Oct 1992 a
Angola		17 May 2000 a
Antigua and Barbuda		3 Dec 1992 a
Argentina	29 Jun 1988	18 Sep 1990
Armenia		1 Oct 1999 a
Australia	8 Jun 1988	19 May 1989
Austria	29 Aug 1988	3 May 1989
Azerbaijan		12 Jun 1996 a
Bahamas		4 May 1993 a
Bahrain		27 Apr 1990 a
Bangladesh		2 Aug 1990 a
Barbados		16 Oct 1992 a
Belarus	22 Jan 1988	31 Oct 1988 A
Belgium	16 Sep 1987	30 Dec 1988
Belize		9 Jan 1998 a
Benin		1 Jul 1993 a
Bhutan		23 Aug 2004 a
Bolivia		3 Oct 1994 a
Bosnia and Herzegovina²		1 Sep 1993 d
Botswana		4 Dec 1991 a
Brazil		19 Mar 1990 a
Brunei Darussalam		27 May 1993 a
Bulgaria		20 Nov 1990 a
Burkina Faso	14 Sep 1988	20 Jul 1989
Burundi		6 Jan 1997 a
Cambodia		27 Jun 2001 a
Cameroon		30 Aug 1989 a
Canada	16 Sep 1987	30 Jun 1988
Cape Verde		31 Jul 2001 a
Central African Republic		29 Mar 1993 a
Chad		7 Jun 1994
Chile	14 Jun 1988	26 Mar 1990
China^3,4		14 Jun 1991 a
Colombia		6 Dec 1993 a
Comoros		31 Oct 1994 a
Congo	15 Sep 1988	16 Nov 1994
Cook Islands		22 Dec 2003 a
Costa Rica		30 Jul 1991 a
Côte d'Ivoire		5 Apr 1993 a
Croatia²		21 Sep 1992 d
Cuba		14 Jul 1992 a
Cyprus		28 May 1992 a
Czech Republic⁵		30 Sep 1993 d
Democratic People's Republic of Korea		24 Jan 1995 a
Democratic Republic of the Congo		30 Nov 1994 a
Denmark⁶	16 Sep 1987	16 Dec 1988
Djibouti		30 Jul 1999 a
Dominica		31 Mar 1993 a
Dominican Republic		18 May 1993 a
Ecuador		30 Apr 1990 a
Egypt	16 Sep 1987	2 Aug 1988
El Salvador		2 Oct 1992 a
Equatorial Guinea		6 Sep 2006 a
Eritrea		10 Mar 2005 a
Estonia		17 Oct 1996 a
Ethiopia		11 Oct 1994 a
European Community	16 Sep 1987	16 Dec 1988 AA
Fiji		23 Oct 1989 a
Finland	16 Sep 1987	23 Dec 1988 A
France	16 Sep 1987	28 Dec 1988 AA
Gabon		9 Feb 1994 a
Gambia		25 Jul 1990 a
Georgia		21 Mar 1996 a
Germany^7,8	16 Sep 1987	16 Dec 1988
Ghana	16 Sep 1987	24 Jul 1989
Greece	29 Oct 1987	29 Dec 1988
Grenada		31 Mar 1993 a
Guatemala		7 Nov 1989 a
Guinea		25 Jun 1992 a
Guinea-Bissau		12 Nov 2002 a
Guyana		12 Aug 1993 a
Haiti		29 Mar 2000 a
Honduras		14 Oct 1993 a
Hungary		20 Apr 1989 a
Iceland		29 Aug 1989 a
India		19 Jun 1992 a
Indonesia	21 Jul 1988	26 Jun 1992
Iran (Islamic Republic of)		3 Oct 1990 a
Ireland	15 Sep 1988	16 Dec 1988
Israel	14 Jan 1988	30 Jun 1992
Italy	16 Sep 1987	16 Dec 1988
Jamaica		31 Mar 1993 a
Japan	16 Sep 1987	30 Sep 1988 A
Jordan		31 May 1989 a
Kazakhstan		26 Aug 1998 a
Kenya	16 Sep 1987	9 Nov 1988
Kiribati		7 Jan 1993 a
Kuwait		23 Nov 1992 a
Kyrgyzstan		31 May 2000 a
Lao People's Democratic Republic		21 Aug 1998 a
Latvia		28 Apr 1995 a
Lebanon		31 Mar 1993 a
Lesotho		25 Mar 1994 a
Liberia		15 Jan 1996 a
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya		11 Jul 1990 a
Liechtenstein		8 Feb 1989 a
Lithuania		18 Jan 1995 a
Luxembourg	29 Jan 1988	17 Oct 1988
Madagascar		7 Nov 1996 a
Malawi		9 Jan 1991 a
Malaysia		29 Aug 1989 a
Maldives	12 Jul 1988	16 May 1989
Mali		28 Oct 1994 a
Malta	15 Sep 1988	29 Dec 1988
Marshall Islands		11 Mar 1993 a
Mauritania		26 May 1994 a
Mauritius		18 Aug 1992 a
Mexico	16 Sep 1987	31 Mar 1988 A
Micronesia (Federated States of)		6 Sep 1995 a
Moldova		24 Oct 1996 a
Monaco		12 Mar 1993 a
Mongolia		7 Mar 1996 a
Montenegro⁹		23 Oct 2006 d
Morocco	7 Jan 1988	28 Dec 1995
Mozambique		9 Sep 1994 a
Myanmar		24 Nov 1993 a
Namibia		20 Sep 1993 a
Nauru		12 Nov 2001 a
Nepal		6 Jul 1994 a
Netherlands¹⁰	16 Sep 1987	16 Dec 1988 A
New Zealand¹¹	16 Sep 1987	21 Jul 1988
Nicaragua		5 Mar 1993 a
Niger		9 Oct 1992 a
Nigeria		31 Oct 1988 a
Niue		22 Dec 2003 a
Norway	16 Sep 1987	24 Jun 1988
Oman		30 Jun 1999 a
Pakistan		18 Dec 1992 a
Palau		29 May 2001 a
Panama	16 Sep 1987	3 Mar 1989
Papua New Guinea		27 Oct 1992 a
Paraguay		3 Dec 1992 a
Peru		31 Mar 1993 a
Philippines	14 Sep 1988	17 Jul 1991
Poland		13 Jul 1990 a
Portugal^4,12	16 Sep 1987	17 Oct 1988
Qatar		22 Jan 1996 a
Republic of Korea		27 Feb 1992 a
Romania		27 Jan 1993 a
Russian Federation	29 Dec 1987	10 Nov 1988 A
Rwanda		11 Oct 2001 a
Saint Kitts and Nevis		10 Aug 1992 a
Saint Lucia		28 Jul 1993 a
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines		2 Dec 1996 a
Samoa		21 Dec 1992 a
Sao Tome and Principe		19 Nov 2001 a
Saudi Arabia		1 Mar 1993 a
Senegal	16 Sep 1987	6 May 1993
Serbia²		12 Mar 2001 d
Seychelles		6 Jan 1993 a
Sierra Leone		29 Aug 2001 a
Singapore		5 Jan 1989 a
Slovakia⁵		28 May 1993 d
Slovenia²		6 Jul 1992 d
Solomon Islands		17 Jun 1993 a
Somalia		1 Aug 2001 a
South Africa		15 Jan 1990 a
Spain	21 Jul 1988	16 Dec 1988
Sri Lanka		15 Dec 1989 a
Sudan		29 Jan 1993 a
Suriname		14 Oct 1997 a
Swaziland		10 Nov 1992 a
Sweden	16 Sep 1987	29 Jun 1988
Switzerland	16 Sep 1987	28 Dec 1988
Syrian Arab Republic		12 Dec 1989 a
Tajikistan		7 Jan 1998 a
Thailand	15 Sep 1988	7 Jul 1989
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia²		10 Mar 1994 d
Togo	16 Sep 1987	25 Feb 1991
Tonga		29 Jul 1998 a
Trinidad and Tobago		28 Aug 1989 a
Tunisia		25 Sep 1989 a
Turkey		20 Sep 1991 a
Turkmenistan		18 Nov 1993 a
Tuvalu		15 Jul 1993 a
Uganda	15 Sep 1988	15 Sep 1988
Ukraine	18 Feb 1988	20 Sep 1988 A
United Arab Emirates		22 Dec 1989 a
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland^3,13	16 Sep 1987	16 Dec 1988
United Republic of Tanzania		16 Apr 1993 a
United States of America	16 Sep 1987	21 Apr 1988
Uruguay		8 Jan 1991 a
Uzbekistan		18 May 1993 a
Vanuatu		21 Nov 1994 a
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	16 Sep 1987	6 Feb 1989
Viet Nam		26 Jan 1994 a
Yemen		21 Feb 1996 a
Zambia		24 Jan 1990 a
Zimbabwe		3 Nov 1992 a

DECLARATIONS

Declarations and Reservations

(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made upon

ratification, acceptance, approval, accession or succession.)

Bahrain

Declaration:

[See under chapter XXVII.2.]

European Community

Upon signature:

"In the light of article 2.8 of the Protocol, the Community wishes to state that its signature takes place on the assumption that all its member states will take the necessary steps to adhere to the Convention and to conclude the Protocol."

23 May 1989

[See under chapter XXVII.2.]

NOTES

1. On 27 May 1992, the Government of Singapore notified the Secretary-General, in accordance with article 10 (2) (b) of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, of the following:

"Singapore is still in the process of evaluating the feasibility of imposing controls on all the products listed in Annex D. In the interim, Singapore can only approve the intention to ban import of the following:

(a) All products classified under item 2 of Annex D except domestic refrigerators and freezers; and

(b) All products classified under item 3 of Annex D."

Consequently, on the expiry of six months from the date of its circulation, i.e., 27 May 1992, in accordance with the provisions of article 10 (2) (c) of the Vienna Convention, Annex D became effective in its entirety for all Parties to the Montreal Protocol, with the exception of Singapore, for which the Annex became effective only with respect of the products described above.

Subsequently, on 20 April 1993, the Government of Singapore in- formed the Secretary-General that "the Republic of Singapore is now in a position to approve the full list of products under Annex D... with immediate effect."

2. The former Yugoslavia had acceeded to the Protocol on 3 January 1991. See also note 1 under "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Croatia", "former Yugoslavia", "Slovenia", "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" and "Yugoslavia" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

3. On 6 and 10 June 1997, the Secretary-General received communications concerning the status of Hong Kong from the Governments of the United Kingdom and China (see also note 2 under "China" and note 2 under "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" regarding Hong Kong in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume). Upon resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, China notified the Secretary-General that the Convention with the reservation made by China will also apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

In addition, the notification made by the Government of China contained the following declaration:

Provisions of article 5 of the [said Protocol] will not be applied to the Hong Kong Special Region.

4. On 19 October 1999, the Secretary-General received from the Government of China, the following communication:

In accordance with the Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Portugal on the Question of Macau (hereinafter referred to as the Joint Declaration), the Government of the People's Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macau with effect from 20 December 1999. Macau will, from that date, become a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and will enjoy a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign and defense affairs which are the responsibilities of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.

In this connection, [the Government of the People's Republic of China informs the Secretary-General of the following:]

The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, which the Government of the People's Republic of China deposited the instrument of accession on 11 September 1989, as well as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer of 16 September 1987 and the Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer of 29 June 1990 (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention, the Protocol and the Amendment"), will apply to the Macau Special Administrative Region with effect from 20 December 1999. The Government of the People's Republic of China also wishes to make the following declaration:

Provisions of Article 5 of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer of 16 September 1987 will not be applied to the Macau Special Administrative Region, and provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 5 of the Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer of 29 June 1990 will not be applied to the Macau Special Administrative Region.

The Government of the People's Republic of China will assume responsibility for the international rights and obligations arising from the application of the Convention, the Protocol and the Amendment to the Macau Special Administrative Region.

In reference to the communication made on 19 October 1999, the Government of China furthermore informs the Secretary-General of the following:

The above-mentioned declaration is solely to make the provisions of the Protocol that had previously applied to Macau continue to so apply to the Macau Special Administrative Region. The declaration is not purported to modify the obligations previously undertaken by Macau under the Protocol and is fully consistent with the objectives and purposes of the Protocol. In fact, the Chinese Government had made a statement of the same nature in the note of 6 June 1997 to the Secretary-General of the United Nations concerning the continuing application of the Protocol to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The past two years and a half since Hong Kong's return to China saw a clear and full understanding on the part of the Parties to the Protocol of the approach adopted by the Chinese Government.

5. Czechoslovakia had acceded to the Protocol on 1 October 1990. See also note 1 under "Czech Republic" and note 1 under "Slovakia" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

6. The decision, made on 20 December 1991, to reserve the application to Greenland and the Faroe Islands, was lifted by a notification received on 12 February 1997.

7. The German Democratic Republic had acceded to the Protocol on 25 January 1989. See also note 2 under "Germany" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

8. See note 1 under "Germany" regarding Berlin (West) in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

9. See note 1 under "Montenegro" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

10. For the Kingdom in Europe, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.

11. Upon ratification the Government of New Zealand specified that the Protocol shall not apply to the Cook Islands and Niue.

12. On 15 February 1994, the Secretary-General received from the Government of Portugal a notification to the effect that it shall extend the Protocol to Macau.

Subsequently, the Secretary-General received, on 21 October 1999, from the Government of Portugal, the following communication:

"In accordance with the Joint Declaration of the Government of the Portuguese Republic and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Macau signed on 13 April 1987, the Portuguese Republic will continue to have international responsibility for Macau until 19 December 1999 and from that date onwards the People's Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macau with effect from 20 December 1999.

From 20 December 1999 onwards the Portuguese Republic will cease to be responsible for the international rights and obligations arising from the application of the Convention to Macau."

See also note 4 in this chapter.

13. In respect of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Bailiwick of Jersey, the Isle of Man, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Hong Kong (see also note 3 ), Montserrat, Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, Saint Helena, Saint Helena Dependencies, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands.

In this regard, the Secretary-General received, from the Government of Argentina the following objection:

The Argentine Republic rejects the ratification of the above-mentioned Convention by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with respect to the Malvinas, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands and reaffirms its sovereignty over those Islands, which form a part of its national territory.

The United Nations General Assembly has adopted resolutions 2065 (XX), 3160 (XXVIII), 31/49, 37/9, 38/12 and 39/6 in which it recognizes the existence of a sovereignty dispute concerning the question of the Malvinas and urges the Argentine Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to resume negotiations in order to find as soon as possible a peaceful and definitive solution to the dispute and to their remaining differences relating to the question, through the good offices of the Secretary-General, who is to report to the General Assembly on the progress made. The United Nations General Assembly also adopted resolution 40/21 and 41/40, which again urge the two parties to resume the negotiations.

The Argentine Republic also rejects the ratification of the above-mentioned Convention by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with respect to what that country calls "British Antarctic Territory".

At the same time, it reaffirms its rights of sovereignty over the Argentine Antarctic Sector located between longitudes 25^o and 74^o W and latitude 60^o S and the South Pole, including its maritime spaces.

It is appropriate to recall, in this connection, the provisions concerning rights of or claims to territorial sovereignty in Antarctica contained in article IV of the Antarctic Treaty.

Further, upon ratification, the Government of Chile declared the following:

[Chile] rejects the declaration made by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland upon ratification, as it concerns the Chilean Antarctic Territory, including the corresponding maritime zones: [Chile] reaffirms once more its sovereignty over the said territory including its maritime areas, as defined by Supreme Decree No. 1747 of 6 November 1940.

In this connection, the Secretary-General received, on 2 August 1990, from the Government of the United Kingdom, the following objection:

"The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have no doubt as to British sovereignty over the British Antarctic Territory. In this respect, the Government of the United Kingdom would draw attention to the provisions of Article IV of the Antarctic Treaty of 1 December 1959, to which both Chile and the United Kingdom are parties.

For the above reasons, the Government of the United Kingdom reject the Chilean declaration."

In a communication received on 30 August 1990, the Government of the United Kingdom notified the Secretary-General that the Protocol shall extend to the Bailiwick of Guernsey for whose international relations the Government of the United Kingdom is responsible.

The Government of Mauritius, upon acceding to the Convention, made the following declaration:

"The Republic of Mauritius rejects the ratification of [the Protocol] effected by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on 16 December 1988 in respect of the British Indian Ocean Territory namely Chagos Archipelago and reaffirms its sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago, which form an integral part of its national territory."

Subsequently, on 27 January 1993, the Secretary-General received from the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the following communication with respect to the declaration made by the Government of Mauritius:

"The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have no doubt as to British sovereignty over the British Indian Ocean Territory and their consequent right to extend the application of the [said] Convention and Protocol to it. Accord ingly, the Government of the United Kingdom do not accept or regard as having any legal effect the declarations made by the Government of the Republic of Mauritius.