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7. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

New York, 9 May 1992

 

Entry into force: 21 March 1994, in accordance with article 23 (1).
Registration: 21 March 1994, No. 30822.
Status: Signatories: 165 ,Parties: 192.
Text: United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, p. 107; and depositary notifications C.N.148.1993.TREATIES-4 of 12 July 1993 (procès-verbal of rectification of the original texts of the Convention); C.N.436.1993.TREATIES-12 of 15 December 1993 (corrigendum to C.N.148.1993.TREATIES-4 of 12 July 1993); C.N.247.1993.TREATIES-6 of 24 November 1993 (procès-verbal of rectification of the authentic French text); C.N.462.1993.TREATIES-13 of 30 December 1993 (corrigendum to C.N.247.1993.TREATIES-6 of 24 November 1993); C.N.544.1997.TREATIES-6 of 13 February 1997 (amendment to the list in annex I to the Convention); and C.N.1478.2001.TREATIES-2 of 28 December 2001 (amendment to the list in annex II to the Convention). 

Note: The Convention was agreed upon and adopted by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change, during its Fifth session, second part, held at New York from 30 April to 9 May 1992. In accordance with its article 20, the Convention was open for signature by States Members of the United Nations or of any of its specialized agencies or that are Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice and by regional economic integration organizations, at Rio de Janeiro during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, from 4 to 14 June 1992, and remained thereafter open at the United Nations Headquarters in New York until 19 June 1993.

 

 

PARTICIPANTS

Participant  Signature  Ratification, Acceptance (A), Accession (a), Approval (AA), Succession (d) 
Afghanistan  12 Jun 1992  19 Sep 2002 
Albania    3 Oct 1994 a 
Algeria  13 Jun 1992  9 Jun 1993 
Angola  14 Jun 1992  17 May 2000 
Antigua and Barbuda  4 Jun 1992  2 Feb 1993 
Argentina  12 Jun 1992  11 Mar 1994 
Armenia  13 Jun 1992  14 May 1993 A 
Australia  4 Jun 1992  30 Dec 1992 
Austria  8 Jun 1992  28 Feb 1994 
Azerbaijan  12 Jun 1992  16 May 1995 
Bahamas  12 Jun 1992  29 Mar 1994 
Bahrain  8 Jun 1992  28 Dec 1994 
Bangladesh  9 Jun 1992  15 Apr 1994 
Barbados  12 Jun 1992  23 Mar 1994 
Belarus  11 Jun 1992  11 May 2000 AA 
Belgium  4 Jun 1992  16 Jan 1996 
Belize  13 Jun 1992  31 Oct 1994 
Benin  13 Jun 1992  30 Jun 1994 
Bhutan  11 Jun 1992  25 Aug 1995 
Bolivia  10 Jun 1992  3 Oct 1994 
Bosnia and Herzegovina    7 Sep 2000 a 
Botswana  12 Jun 1992  27 Jan 1994 
Brazil  4 Jun 1992  28 Feb 1994 
Brunei Darussalam    7 Aug 2007 a 
Bulgaria  5 Jun 1992  12 May 1995 
Burkina Faso  12 Jun 1992  2 Sep 1993 
Burundi  11 Jun 1992  6 Jan 1997 
Cambodia    18 Dec 1995 a 
Cameroon  14 Jun 1992  19 Oct 1994 
Canada  12 Jun 1992  4 Dec 1992 
Cape Verde  12 Jun 1992  29 Mar 1995 
Central African Republic  13 Jun 1992  10 Mar 1995 
Chad  12 Jun 1992  7 Jun 1994 
Chile  13 Jun 1992  22 Dec 1994 
China2  11 Jun 1992  5 Jan 1993 
Colombia  13 Jun 1992  22 Mar 1995 
Comoros  11 Jun 1992  31 Oct 1994 
Congo  12 Jun 1992  14 Oct 1996 
Cook Islands  12 Jun 1992  20 Apr 1993 
Costa Rica  13 Jun 1992  26 Aug 1994 
Côte d'Ivoire  10 Jun 1992  29 Nov 1994 
Croatia  11 Jun 1992  8 Apr 1996 A 
Cuba  13 Jun 1992  5 Jan 1994 
Cyprus  12 Jun 1992  15 Oct 1997 
Czech Republic  18 Jun 1993  7 Oct 1993 AA 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea  11 Jun 1992  5 Dec 1994 AA 
Democratic Republic of the Congo  11 Jun 1992  9 Jan 1995 
Denmark  9 Jun 1992  21 Dec 1993 
Djibouti  12 Jun 1992  27 Aug 1995 
Dominica    21 Jun 1993 a 
Dominican Republic  12 Jun 1992  7 Oct 1998 
Ecuador  9 Jun 1992  23 Feb 1993 
Egypt  9 Jun 1992  5 Dec 1994 
El Salvador  13 Jun 1992  4 Dec 1995 
Equatorial Guinea    16 Aug 2000 a 
Eritrea    24 Apr 1995 a 
Estonia  12 Jun 1992  27 Jul 1994 
Ethiopia  10 Jun 1992  5 Apr 1994 
European Community  13 Jun 1992  21 Dec 1993 AA 
Fiji  9 Oct 1992  25 Feb 1993 
Finland  4 Jun 1992  3 May 1994 A 
France  13 Jun 1992  25 Mar 1994 
Gabon  12 Jun 1992  21 Jan 1998 
Gambia  12 Jun 1992  10 Jun 1994 
Georgia    29 Jul 1994 a 
Germany  12 Jun 1992  9 Dec 1993 
Ghana  12 Jun 1992  6 Sep 1995 
Greece  12 Jun 1992  4 Aug 1994 
Grenada  3 Dec 1992  11 Aug 1994 
Guatemala  13 Jun 1992  15 Dec 1995 
Guinea  12 Jun 1992  7 May 1993 
Guinea-Bissau  12 Jun 1992  27 Oct 1995 
Guyana  13 Jun 1992  29 Aug 1994 
Haiti  13 Jun 1992  25 Sep 1996 
Honduras  13 Jun 1992  19 Oct 1995 
Hungary  13 Jun 1992  24 Feb 1994 
Iceland  4 Jun 1992  16 Jun 1993 
India  10 Jun 1992  1 Nov 1993 
Indonesia  5 Jun 1992  23 Aug 1994 
Iran (Islamic Republic of)  14 Jun 1992  18 Jul 1996 
Ireland  13 Jun 1992  20 Apr 1994 
Israel  4 Jun 1992  4 Jun 1996 
Italy  5 Jun 1992  15 Apr 1994 
Jamaica  12 Jun 1992  6 Jan 1995 
Japan  13 Jun 1992  28 May 1993 A 
Jordan  11 Jun 1992  12 Nov 1993 
Kazakhstan  8 Jun 1992  17 May 1995 
Kenya  12 Jun 1992  30 Aug 1994 
Kiribati  13 Jun 1992  7 Feb 1995 
Kuwait    28 Dec 1994 a 
Kyrgyzstan    25 May 2000 a 
Lao People's Democratic Republic    4 Jan 1995 a 
Latvia  11 Jun 1992  23 Mar 1995 
Lebanon  12 Jun 1992  15 Dec 1994 
Lesotho  11 Jun 1992  7 Feb 1995 
Liberia  12 Jun 1992  5 Nov 2002 
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya  29 Jun 1992  14 Jun 1999 
Liechtenstein  4 Jun 1992  22 Jun 1994 
Lithuania  11 Jun 1992  24 Mar 1995 
Luxembourg  9 Jun 1992  9 May 1994 
Madagascar  10 Jun 1992  2 Jun 1999 
Malawi  10 Jun 1992  21 Apr 1994 
Malaysia  9 Jun 1993  13 Jul 1994 
Maldives  12 Jun 1992  9 Nov 1992 
Mali  30 Sep 1992  28 Dec 1994 
Malta  12 Jun 1992  17 Mar 1994 
Marshall Islands  12 Jun 1992  8 Oct 1992 
Mauritania  12 Jun 1992  20 Jan 1994 
Mauritius  10 Jun 1992  4 Sep 1992 
Mexico  13 Jun 1992  11 Mar 1993 
Micronesia (Federated States of)  12 Jun 1992  18 Nov 1993 
Moldova  12 Jun 1992  9 Jun 1995 
Monaco  11 Jun 1992  20 Nov 1992 
Mongolia  12 Jun 1992  30 Sep 1993 
Montenegro1    23 Oct 2006 d 
Morocco  13 Jun 1992  28 Dec 1995 
Mozambique  12 Jun 1992  25 Aug 1995 
Myanmar  11 Jun 1992  25 Nov 1994 
Namibia  12 Jun 1992  16 May 1995 
Nauru  8 Jun 1992  11 Nov 1993 
Nepal  12 Jun 1992  2 May 1994 
Netherlands2,3  4 Jun 1992  20 Dec 1993 A 
New Zealand  4 Jun 1992  16 Sep 1993 
Nicaragua  13 Jun 1992  31 Oct 1995 
Niger  11 Jun 1992  25 Jul 1995 
Nigeria  13 Jun 1992  29 Aug 1994 
Niue    28 Feb 1996 a 
Norway  4 Jun 1992  9 Jul 1993 
Oman  11 Jun 1992  8 Feb 1995 
Pakistan  13 Jun 1992  1 Jun 1994 
Palau    10 Dec 1999 a 
Panama  18 Mar 1993  23 May 1995 
Papua New Guinea  13 Jun 1992  16 Mar 1993 
Paraguay  12 Jun 1992  24 Feb 1994 
Peru  12 Jun 1992  7 Jun 1993 
Philippines  12 Jun 1992  2 Aug 1994 
Poland  5 Jun 1992  28 Jul 1994 
Portugal4  13 Jun 1992  21 Dec 1993 
Qatar    18 Apr 1996 a 
Republic of Korea  13 Jun 1992  14 Dec 1993 
Romania  5 Jun 1992  8 Jun 1994 
Russian Federation  13 Jun 1992  28 Dec 1994 
Rwanda  10 Jun 1992  18 Aug 1998 
Saint Kitts and Nevis  12 Jun 1992  7 Jan 1993 
Saint Lucia  14 Jun 1993  14 Jun 1993 
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines    2 Dec 1996 a 
Samoa  12 Jun 1992  29 Nov 1994 
San Marino  10 Jun 1992  28 Oct 1994 
Sao Tome and Principe  12 Jun 1992  29 Sep 1999 
Saudi Arabia    28 Dec 1994 a 
Senegal  13 Jun 1992  17 Oct 1994 
Serbia    12 Mar 2001 a 
Seychelles  10 Jun 1992  22 Sep 1992 
Sierra Leone  11 Feb 1993  22 Jun 1995 
Singapore  13 Jun 1992  29 May 1997 
Slovakia  19 May 1993  25 Aug 1994 AA 
Slovenia  13 Jun 1992  1 Dec 1995 
Solomon Islands  13 Jun 1992  28 Dec 1994 
South Africa  15 Jun 1993  29 Aug 1997 
Spain  13 Jun 1992  21 Dec 1993 
Sri Lanka  10 Jun 1992  23 Nov 1993 
Sudan  9 Jun 1992  19 Nov 1993 
Suriname  13 Jun 1992  14 Oct 1997 
Swaziland  12 Jun 1992  7 Oct 1996 
Sweden  8 Jun 1992  23 Jun 1993 
Switzerland  12 Jun 1992  10 Dec 1993 
Syrian Arab Republic    4 Jan 1996 a 
Tajikistan    7 Jan 1998 a 
Thailand  12 Jun 1992  28 Dec 1994 
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia    28 Jan 1998 a 
Timor-Leste    10 Oct 2006 a 
Togo  12 Jun 1992  8 Mar 1995 A 
Tonga    20 Jul 1998 a 
Trinidad and Tobago  11 Jun 1992  24 Jun 1994 
Tunisia  13 Jun 1992  15 Jul 1993 
Turkey    24 Feb 2004 a 
Turkmenistan    5 Jun 1995 a 
Tuvalu  8 Jun 1992  26 Oct 1993 
Uganda  13 Jun 1992  8 Sep 1993 
Ukraine  11 Jun 1992  13 May 1997 
United Arab Emirates    29 Dec 1995 a 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland5  12 Jun 1992  8 Dec 1993 
United Republic of Tanzania  12 Jun 1992  17 Apr 1996 
United States of America  12 Jun 1992  15 Oct 1992 
Uruguay  4 Jun 1992  18 Aug 1994 
Uzbekistan    20 Jun 1993 a 
Vanuatu  9 Jun 1992  25 Mar 1993 
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)  12 Jun 1992  28 Dec 1994 
Viet Nam  11 Jun 1992  16 Nov 1994 
Yemen  12 Jun 1992  21 Feb 1996 
Zambia  11 Jun 1992  28 May 1993 
Zimbabwe  12 Jun 1992  3 Nov 1992 
 

 

DECLARATIONS

Declarations

(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations were made upon ratification, accession, acceptance, approval or succession.)

Bulgaria

Declaration:

"The Republic of Bulgaria declares that in accordance with article 4, paragraph 6, and with respect to paragraph 2 (b) of the said article, it accepts as a basis of the anthropogenic emissions in Bulgaria of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, the 1988 levels of the said emissions in the country and not their 1990 levels, keeping records of and comparing the emission rates during the subsequent years."

Croatia

Declaration :

"The Republic of Croatia declares that it intends to be bound by the provisions of the Annex 1, as a country undergoing the process of transition to a market economy."

Cuba

Declaration:

With reference to article 14 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Government of the Republic of Cuba declares that, insofar as concerns the Republic of Cuba, any dispute that may arise between the Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention shall be settled through negotiation through the diplomatic channel.

European Community

Upon signature:

Declaration:

"The European Economic Community and its Member States declare, for the purposes of clarity, that the inclusion of the European Community as well as its Member States in the lists in the Annexes to the Convention is without prejudice to the division of competence and responsibilities between the Community and its Member States, which is to be declared in accordance with article 21 (3) of the Convention."

Upon approval:

Declaration:

"The European Economic Community and its Member States declare that the commitment to limit anthropogenic CO emissions set out in article 4(2) of the Convention will be fulfilled in the Community as a whole through action by the Community and its Member States, within the respective com- petence of each.

In this perspective, the Community and its Member States reaffirm the objectives set out in the Council conclusions of 29 October 1990, and in particular the objective of stabilization of CO emission by 2000 and 1990 level in the Community as a whole.

The European Economic Community and its Member States are elaborating a coherent strategy in order to attain this objective."

Fiji

Upon signature:

Declaration:

"The Government of Fiji declares its understanding that signature of the Convention shall, in no way, constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provisions in the Convention can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law."

Hungary

Declaration:

"The Government of the Republic of Hungary attributes great significance to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and it reiterates its position in accordance with the provisions of article 4.6 of the Convention on certain degree of flexibility that the average level of anthropogenic carbon-dioxide emissions for the period of 1985-1987 will be considered as reference level in context of the commitments under article 4.2 of the Convention. This understanding is closely related to the `process of transition' as it is given in article 4.6 of the Convention. The Government of the Republic of Hungary declares that it will do all efforts to contribute to the objective of the Convention."

Kiribati

Upon signature:

Declaration:

"The Government of the Republic of Kiribati declares its understanding that signature and /or ratification of the Convention shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provisions in the Convention can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law."

Monaco

Declaration:

In accordance with sub-paragraph g of article 4.2 of the Convention, the Principality of Monaco declares that it intends to be bound by the provisions of sub-paragraphs a and b of said article.

Nauru

Upon signature:

Declaration:

"The Government of Nauru declares its understanding that signature of the Convention shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provisions in the Convention can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law."

Papua New Guinea

Declaration:

"The Government of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea declares its understanding that ratification of the Con- vention shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under International Law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of Climate Change as derogating from the prin- ciples of general International Law."

Solomon Islands

Declaration:

"In pursuance of article 14 (2) of the said Convention [the Government of the Solomon Islands] shall recognise as com-pulsory, arbitration, in accordance with procedures to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties as soon as practicable, in an annex on arbitration."

Tuvalu

Upon signature:

Declaration:

"The Government of Tuvalu declares its understanding that signature of the Convention shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provisions in the Convention can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law."

Notifications made under article 4 (2) (g) 7

Participant:  Date of receipt of the notification: 
Czech Republic  27 Nov 1995 
Kazakhstan  23 Mar 2000 
Monaco  20 Nov 1992 
Slovakia  23 Feb 1996 
Slovenia  9 Jun 1998 
 

 

NOTES

1. See note 1 under "Montenegro" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

2. By a communication received on 8 April 2003, the Government of the Government of the People's Republic of China notified the Secretary-General of the following:

"In accordance with the provisions of Article 153 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China of 1990, the Government of the People's Republic of China decides that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change continues to be implemented in the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall not apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China until the Government of China notifies otherwise."

See also note 4 in this chapter.

3. For the Kingdom in Europe.

4. On 28 June 1999, the Government of Portugal informed the Secretary-General the the Convention would also apply to Macao.

Subsequently, the Secretary-General received communications concerning the status of Macao from Portugal and China (see note 1 under "Portugal" and note 3 under "China" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.) Upon resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Macao, China notified the Secretary-General that the Convention will also apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region.

5. In respect of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Isle of Man. On 4 April 2006: in respect of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. On 2 January 2007: in respect of Gibraltar. On 7 March 2007: in respect of Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

6. By a communication received on 27 March 2007, the Government of Argentina notified the Secretary-General of the following:

The Argentine Republic objects to the extension of the territorial application to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 9 May 1992 with respect to the Malvinas Islands, which was notified by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Depositary of the Convention on 7 March 2007.

The Argentine Republic reaffirms its sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands, the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands and the surrounding maritime spaces, which are an integral part of its national territory, and recalls that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolutions 2065 (XX), 3160 (XXVIII), 31/49, 37/9, 38/12, 39/6, 40/21, 41/40, 42/19 and 43/25, which recognize the existence of a dispute over sovereignty and request the Governments of the Argentine Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to initiate negotiations with a view to finding the means to resolve peacefully and definitively the pending problems between both countries, including all aspects on the future of the Malvinas Islands, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.

7. States having, in accordance with article 4 (2)(g), notified the Secretary-General of their intention to be bound by article 4 (2)(a) and (b) of the Convention.