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1.c. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution concerning the control of emissions of nitrogen oxides or their transboundary fluxes

Sofia, 31 October 1988

 

Entry into force: 14 February 1991, in accordance with article 15 (1).
Registration: 14 February 1991, No. 27874.
Status: Signatories: 25 ,Parties: 31.
Text: Depositary notification C.N.252.1988.TREATIES-1 of 6 December 1988. 

Note: The Protocol was drawn up within the framework of the Economic Commission for Europe and was adopted on 31 October 1988 by the Executive Body for the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. It was open for signature at Sofia from 1 to 4 November 1988 and subsequently, at the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York until 5 May 1989.

 

 

PARTICIPANTS

Participant  Signature  Ratification, Acceptance (A), Approval (AA), Accession (a), Succession (d) 
Austria  1 Nov 1988  15 Jan 1990 
Belarus  1 Nov 1988  8 Jun 1989 A 
Belgium  1 Nov 1988  8 Nov 2000 
Bulgaria  1 Nov 1988  30 Mar 1989 
Canada  1 Nov 1988  25 Jan 1991 
Cyprus    2 Sep 2004 a 
Czech Republic1    30 Sep 1993 d 
Denmark2  1 Nov 1988  1 Mar 1993 A 
Estonia    7 Mar 2000 a 
European Community    17 Dec 1993 a 
Finland  1 Nov 1988  1 Feb 1990 
France  1 Nov 1988  20 Jul 1989 AA 
Germany3  1 Nov 1988  16 Nov 1990 
Greece  1 Nov 1988  29 Apr 1998 
Hungary  3 May 1989  12 Nov 1991 AA 
Ireland  1 May 1989  17 Oct 1994 
Italy  1 Nov 1988  19 May 1992 
Liechtenstein  1 Nov 1988  24 Mar 1994 
Lithuania    26 May 2006 a 
Luxembourg  1 Nov 1988  4 Oct 1990 
Netherlands4  1 Nov 1988  11 Oct 1989 A 
Norway  1 Nov 1988  11 Oct 1989 
Poland  1 Nov 1988   
Russian Federation  1 Nov 1988  21 Jun 1989 A 
Slovakia1    28 May 1993 d 
Slovenia    5 Jan 2006 a 
Spain  1 Nov 1988  4 Dec 1990 
Sweden  1 Nov 1988  27 Jul 1990 
Switzerland  1 Nov 1988  18 Sep 1990 
Ukraine  1 Nov 1988  24 Jul 1989 A 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland5  1 Nov 1988  15 Oct 1990 
United States of America  1 Nov 1988  13 Jul 1989 A 
 

 

DECLARATIONS

Declarations and Reservations

(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made

upon ratification, acceptance, approval, accession or succession.)

United States of America

Upon signature:

Statement:

"In accordance with Article 2, paragraph 1 of the protocol, the Government of the United States of America specifies 1978 as the applicable calendar year for determining measures to control and/or reduce its national annual emissions of nitrogen oxides or their transboundary fluxes.

The Government of the United States of America believes that there must be a follow-on protocol to establish a control obligation based on scientific, technical and economic factors, including consideration of the protocol's effect on the innovative control technologies program of the United States. If such a protocol is not adopted by 1996, the United States of America will consider withdrawal from this protocol.

The Government of the United States of America understands that nations will have the flexibility to meet the overall requirements of the protocol through the most effective means."

 

 

NOTES

1. Czechoslovakia had signed and approved the Protocol on 1 November 1988 and 17 August 1990, respectively. See also note 1 under "Czech Republic" and note 1 under "Slovakia" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

2. With a declaration of non-application to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.

3. The German Democratic Republic had signed the Protocol on 1 November 1988.

See also note 2 under "Germany" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

4. For the Kingdom in Europe.

5. The instrument specifies that the said Protocol is ratified in respect of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Bailiwick of Jersey, the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Isle of Man and the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in the island of Cyprus.