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The International
Law Commission held its fifty-fifth session at Geneva, Switzerland,
from 5 May to 6 June and 7 July to 8 August 2003 in accordance
with General Assembly resolution 57/21 of 19 November 2002 (E,
F,
S,
R, C,
A).
- Members
of the Commission:
- Mr.
Emmanuel Akwei Addo (Ghana); Mr. Husain M. Al-Baharna
(Bahrain); Mr. Ali Mohsen Fetais Al-Marri (Qatar); Mr.
João Clemente Baena Soares (Brazil); Mr. Ian Brownlie
(United Kingdom); Mr. Enrique Candioti (Argentina); Mr.
Choung Il Chee (Republic of Korea); Mr. Pedro Comissario
Afonso (Mozambique); Mr. Riad Daoudi (Syrian Arab Republic);
Mr. Christopher John Robert Dugard (South Africa); Mr.
Constantin P. Economides (Greece)*; Ms. Paula Escarameia
(Portugal); Mr. Salifou Fomba (Mali); Mr. Giorgio Gaja
(Italy); Mr. Zdzislaw Galicki (Poland); Mr. Peter C.R.
Kabatsi (Uganda); Mr. Maurice Kamto (Cameroon); Mr. James
Lutabanzibwa Kateka (United Republic of Tanzania); Mr.
Fathi Kemicha (Tunisia); Mr. Roman Anatolyevitch Kolodkin
(Russian Federation)*; Mr. Martti Koskenniemi (Finland);
Mr. William Mansfield (New Zealand); Mr. Michael Matheson
(United States)**; Mr. Theodor Viorel Melescanu (Romania)*;
Mr. Djamchid Momtaz (Islamic Republic of Iran); Mr. Bernd
H. Niehaus (Costa Rica); Mr. Didier Opertti Badan (Uruguay);
Mr. Guillaume Pambou-Tchivounda (Gabon); Mr. Alain Pellet
(France); Mr. Pemmeraju Sreenivasa Rao (India); Mr. Víctor
Rodríguez Cedeņo (Venezuela); Mr. Robert Rosenstock
(United States)**; Mr. Bernardo Sepúlveda (Mexico);
Ms. Hanqin Xue (China); and Mr. Chusei Yamada (Japan)
* Elected to fill the casual vacancies caused by the
demise of Mr. Valery Kuznetsov and the election of Mr.
Bruno Simma and Mr. Peter Tomka to the International
Court of Justice.
** At its 2770th meeting, on 7 July 2003, the Commission
elected Mr. Michael Matheson (United States of America)
to fill the casual vacancy caused by the resignation
of Mr. Robert Rosenstock.
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Consideration
of topics on the agenda of the 55th session
With
regard to the topic of Responsibility of international
organizations, the Commission considered the Special
Rapporteur's first report (A/CN.4/532 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A))
dealing with the scope of the work and general principles
concerning responsibility of international organizations.
The report proposed three draft articles which were considered
by the Commission and were referred to the Drafting Committee.
At
its 2756th meeting, held on 13 May 2003, the Commission
established an open-ended Working Group on the topic Responsibility
of international organizations, under the chairmanship
of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Giorgio Gaja, to consider
draft article 2.
At
its 2764th meeting on 28 May 2003, the Commission established
a Drafting Committee, under the Chairmanship of Mr. James
L. Kateka , on the topic Responsibility of international
organizations
At
its 2776th meeting, held on 16 July 2003, the Commission
considered the report of the Drafting Committee on Responsibility
of international organizations (A/CN.4/L.632 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A);
Statement
of the Chairman of the Drafting Committee) and adopted on
first reading the following draft articles: article 1 (Scope
of the present draft articles/Champ d'application du present
projet d'articles), article 2 (Use of terms/Définition)
and article 3 (General principles/Principes généraux).
(see: Report of the International Law Commission on the
work of its fifty-fifth session, chapter
IV)
As
regards the topic Diplomatic Protection, the
Commission considered the Special Rapporteur's fourth
report (A/CN.4/530 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A)
and Corr.1 (Spanish
only) and Add.1 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A)),
covering draft articles 17 to 22 on the diplomatic protection
of corporations and shareholders and of other legal persons.
The Commission considered and referred draft articles
17 to 22 to the Drafting Committee.
At
its 2762nd meeting, held on 23 May 2003, the Commission
establised an open-ended Working Group on the topic Diplomatic
Protection, under the chairmanship of the Special Rapporteur,
Mr. John Dugard, to consider draft article 17, paragraph
2.
At
its 2753rd meeting on 7 May 2003, the Commission established
a Drafting Committee, under the Chairmanship of Mr. James
L. Kateka, on the topic Diplomatic protection.
At
its 2768th meeting, held on 5 June 2003, the Commission
considered the report of the Drafting Committee on Diplomatic
Protection (A/CN.4/L.631 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A);
Statement
of the Chairman of the Drafting Committee) and adopted on
first reading the following draft articles: article 8 [10]
(Exhaustion of local remedies/Épuisement des recours
internes), article 9 [11] (Classification of claims/Classement
des réclamations) and article 10 [14] (Exceptions
to the local remedies rule/Exceptions à la règle
de l'épuisement des recours internes).
(see:
Report of the International Law Commission on the work of
its fifty-fifth session, chapter
V)
Concerning
the topic International liability for injurious
consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international
law (International liability in case of loss from transboundary
harm arising out of hazardous activities), the Commission
considered the Special Rapporteur's first report (A/CN.4/531
(E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A)),
concerning the legal regime for the allocation of loss.
The report reviewed the work of the Commission in the
previous years, analysed the existing liability of various
regimes and offered conclusions for the consideration
of the Commission.
At its 2769th meeting, held on 6 June 2003, the Commission
established an open-ended Working Group on the topic International
Liability for injurious Consequences arising out of acts
not prohibited by international law (international liability
in case of loss from transboundary harm arising out of
hazardous activities), under the chairmanship of the Special
Rapporteur, Mr. P.S. Rao,
to assist the Special Rapporteur in considering the future
orientation of the topic in the light of his report and
the debate in the Commission.
(see:
Report of the International Law Commission on the work of
its fifty-fifth session, chapter
VI)
As
regards the topic Unilateral acts of States,
the Commission considered the sixth report of the Special
Rapporteur (A/CN.4/534 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A)),
which focused on the unilateral act of recognition. The
Commission also adopted the recommendations of the Working
Group dealing with the definition of the scope of the topic
and the method of work.
At its 2768th meeting on 5 June 2003, the Commission established
a Drafting Committee, under the Chairmanship of Mr. James
L. Kateka, on the topic Unilateral acts of States
(see: Report of the International Law Commission on the
work of its fifty-fifth session, chapter
VII)
At
its 2751st meeting on 5 May 2003, the Commission established
a Drafting Committee, under the Chairmanship of Mr. James
L. Kateka, on the topic Reservations to treaties.
At its 2760th meeting on 21 May 2003, the Commission considered
the report of the Drafting Committee on Reservations to
treaties (A/CN.4/L.630 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A);
Statement
of the Chairman of the Drafting Committee) and adopted
on first reading draft guidelines with modifications as
follows: 2.5.1 Withdrawal of reservations (Retrait des
réserves); 2.5.2 Form of withdrawal (Forme du retrait);
2.5.3 Periodic review of the usefulness of reservations
(Réexamen périodique de l'utilité
des réserves); 2.5.4 [2.5.5] Formulation of the
withdrawal of a reservation at the international level
(Formulation du retrait d'une réserve au plan international);
2.5.5 [2.5.5 bis, 2.5.5 ter] Absence of consequences at
the international level of the violation of international
rules regarding the withdrawal of reservations (Absence
de conséquence au plan international de la violation
des règles internes relatives au retrait des réserves);
2.5.6 Communication of withdrawal of a reservation (Communication
du retrait d'une réserve); 2.5.7 [2.5.7, 2.5.8]
Effect of withdrawal of a reservation (Effet du retrait
d'une réserve); 2.5.8 [2.5.9] Effective date of
withdrawal of a reservation (Date d'effet du retrait d'une
réserve); 2.5.9 [2.5.10] Cases in which a reserving
State or international organization may unilaterally set
the effective date of withdrawal of a reservation (Cas
dans lesquels l'Etat ou l'organisation internationale
réservataire peut fixer unilatéralement
la date d'effet du retrait d'une réserve)2.5.10
[2.5.11] Partial withdrawal of a reservation (Retrait
partiel d'une réserve); and 2.5.11 [2.5.12] Effect
of a partial withdrawal of a reservation (Effet du retrait
partiel d'une réserve).
The
Commission also considered the Special Rapporteur's eighth
report (A/CN.4/535 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A)
and
Add.1 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A))and
referred five draft guidelines dealing with withdrawal and
modification of reservations and interpretative declarations
to the Drafting Committee.
(see: Report of the International Law Commission on the work
of its fifty-fifth session, chapter
VIII)
With
regard to the topic Shared natural resources,
the Commission considered the first report of the Special
Rapporteur (A/CN.4/533 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A)
and
Add.1 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A)).
The report, which was of a preliminary nature, set out the
background to the subject and proposed to limit the scope
of the topic to the study of confined transboundary groundwaters,
oil and gas, with work to proceed initially on the first
subtopic.
(see: Report of the International Law Commission on the
work of its fifty-fifth session, chapter
IX)
In
relation to the topic Fragmentation of international
law: difficulties arising from the diversification and expansion
of international law, the Commission established the
Study Group on Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties
arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International
Law, under the Chairmanship of Mr. Martti Koskenniemi, at
its 2758th meeting, held on 16 May 2003.
The discussions in the Study Group proceeded on the basis
of an outline
prepared by the Chairman of the Study Group, Mr. Martti
Koskenniemi. The
Study Group of the Commission established a schedule of
work for the remaining part of the present quinquennium
(2003-2006); agreed upon the distribution among its members
of the preparation of the studies endorsed by the Commission
in 2002; decided upon the methodology to be adopted for
the studies; and held a preliminary discussion of an outline
by the Chairman of the question of The function and
scope of the lex specialis rule and the question
of self-contained regimes
The Commission took note of the report of the Study Group
(A/CN.4/L.644 (E,
F,
S,
R,
C,
A))
at its 2779th meeting on 23 July 2003.
(see: Report of the International Law Commission on the work
of its fifty-fifth session, chapter
X)
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